/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   SCALE · IIT Bhubaneswar · Master Stylesheet
   Fonts: self-hosted Nunito Sans (body) + Source Serif 4 (headings)
   Theme system: choose a palette with <html data-theme="biopolymer-helix">.
   Palette tokens live here; component rules below should use only tokens.
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */

@font-face {
  font-family: "Nunito Sans";
  src: url("assets/fonts/nunito-sans-latin-300-700.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 300 700;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Source Serif 4";
  src: url("assets/fonts/source-serif-4-latin-300-700.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 300 700;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Source Serif 4";
  src: url("assets/fonts/source-serif-4-latin-italic-400-600.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 400 600;
  font-style: italic;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* ── RESET & BASE ── */
*,
*::before,
*::after { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }

:root {
  /* Type and layout tokens */
  --serif: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "Nunito Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  --mono: 'SFMono-Regular', 'Roboto Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;
  --nav-h: 66px;
  --max-w: 1320px;
  --radius: 14px;
  --shadow-sm: none;
  --shadow-md: none;
  --shadow-lg: none;
  --transition: .22s ease;

  /* Fallback palette. The default site theme is html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"]. */
  --crimson: #5c8dc5;
  --crimson-dark: #3f6f9f;
  --crimson-light: #e4edf6;
  --navy: #3f4a54;
  --navy-light: #e2e7ea;
  --sage: #909eae;
  --sage-light: #e6ebef;
  --clay: #8d969d;
  --paper: #f3f5f5;
  --paper-warm: #e5eaec;
  --text: #1d2424;
  --text-mid: #394349;
  --text-muted: #68757c;
  --ink-soft: #68757c;
  --border: #c7d0d4;
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --bg-alt: var(--paper-warm);
  --bg-alt2: #edf1f2;
  --theme-header: #3f4a54;
  --theme-header-border: rgba(255,255,255,.16);
  --theme-active: #5c8dc5;
  --theme-card: #ffffff;
  --theme-card-soft: rgba(255,255,255,.86);
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   PALETTE CHOICE
   Set the active palette in HTML: <html data-theme="mist-alloy">.
   To add a new palette,
copy one block and change only these color tokens.
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */

html[data-theme="mist-alloy"] {
  --crimson: #5c8dc5;
  --crimson-dark: #3f6f9f;
  --crimson-light: #e4edf6;
  --navy: #3f4a54;
  --navy-light: #e2e7ea;
  --sage: #909eae;
  --sage-light: #e6ebef;
  --clay: #8d969d;
  --paper: #f3f5f5;
  --paper-warm: #e5eaec;
  --text: #1d2424;
  --text-mid: #394349;
  --text-muted: #68757c;
  --border: #c7d0d4;
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --bg-alt: var(--paper-warm);
  --bg-alt2: #edf1f2;
  --theme-header: #3f4a54;
  --theme-header-border: rgba(255,255,255,.16);
  --theme-active: #5c8dc5;
  --theme-card: #ffffff;
  --theme-card-soft: rgba(255,255,255,.86);
}

html[data-theme="forest-marine"] {
  --crimson: #57bc90;
  --crimson-dark: #2f936d;
  --crimson-light: #dff3eb;
  --navy: #015249;
  --navy-light: #dcebe8;
  --sage: #77c9d4;
  --sage-light: #e4f4f6;
  --clay: #a5a5af;
  --paper: #f4f7f6;
  --paper-warm: #e7eeec;
  --text: #1a302d;
  --text-mid: #24413d;
  --text-muted: #60736f;
  --border: #bdd2cf;
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --bg-alt: var(--paper-warm);
  --bg-alt2: #eef4f2;
  --theme-header: #015249;
  --theme-header-border: rgba(255,255,255,.16);
  --theme-active: #57bc90;
  --theme-card: #ffffff;
  --theme-card-soft: rgba(255,255,255,.84);
}

html[data-theme="cedar-copper"] {
  --crimson: #a45a37;
  --crimson-dark: #794026;
  --crimson-light: #f0e3dc;
  --navy: #173c35;
  --navy-light: #e2ebe8;
  --sage: #426a5a;
  --sage-light: #e0ebe6;
  --clay: #a45a37;
  --paper: #f4f4ef;
  --paper-warm: #e7e8df;
  --text: #181f1c;
  --text-mid: #38443f;
  --text-muted: #6b746e;
  --border: #cccfc3;
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --bg-alt: var(--paper-warm);
  --bg-alt2: #ecede6;
  --theme-header: #173c35;
  --theme-header-border: rgba(255,255,255,.16);
  --theme-active: #b8673f;
  --theme-card: #fffefa;
  --theme-card-soft: rgba(255,254,250,.82);
}

html[data-theme="plum-rose"] {
  --crimson: #b84a7c;
  --crimson-dark: #87315a;
  --crimson-light: #f3e2ea;
  --navy: #3d294f;
  --navy-light: #e8e1ee;
  --sage: #7b6aa6;
  --sage-light: #e9e5f1;
  --clay: #9c6b86;
  --paper: #f5f2f5;
  --paper-warm: #e9e2eb;
  --text: #241f2b;
  --text-mid: #45384f;
  --text-muted: #74697c;
  --border: #d2c7d8;
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --bg-alt: var(--paper-warm);
  --bg-alt2: #efe9f0;
  --theme-header: #3d294f;
  --theme-header-border: rgba(255,255,255,.16);
  --theme-active: #d36b9a;
  --theme-card: #ffffff;
  --theme-card-soft: rgba(255,255,255,.84);
}

html[data-theme="ember-orange"] {
  --crimson: #c86b38;
  --crimson-dark: #944820;
  --crimson-light: #f4e5dc;
  --navy: #2f3a33;
  --navy-light: #e3e9e4;
  --sage: #6d8061;
  --sage-light: #e8eee2;
  --clay: #a9683d;
  --paper: #f5f3ee;
  --paper-warm: #e8e3d8;
  --text: #221f1b;
  --text-mid: #403c34;
  --text-muted: #746d63;
  --border: #d1c8b9;
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --bg-alt: var(--paper-warm);
  --bg-alt2: #eee8de;
  --theme-header: #2f3a33;
  --theme-header-border: rgba(255,255,255,.16);
  --theme-active: #df8044;
  --theme-card: #fffefa;
  --theme-card-soft: rgba(255,254,250,.84);
}

html[data-theme="indigo-lab"] {
  --crimson: #cf6766;
  --crimson-dark: #9e3f43;
  --crimson-light: #f3dfdf;
  --navy: #30415d;
  --navy-light: #e4e9ef;
  --sage: #8eaebd;
  --sage-light: #e5eef2;
  --clay: #667b91;
  --paper: #e8eef0;
  --paper-warm: #dce5e9;
  --text: #1b2430;
  --text-mid: #2e3948;
  --text-muted: #657181;
  --border: #c0ccd4;
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --bg-alt: var(--paper-warm);
  --bg-alt2: #eef3f5;
  --theme-header: #30415d;
  --theme-header-border: rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  --theme-active: #cf6766;
  --theme-card: #ffffff;
  --theme-card-soft: rgba(255,255,255,.86);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] {
  --crimson: #805AD5;
  --crimson-dark: #5B3DA8;
  --crimson-light: #EEE8FB;
  --navy: #123F38;
  --navy-light: #D9ECE8;
  --sage: #4FD1C5;
  --sage-light: #DDF8F5;
  --clay: #6E8581;
  --paper: #F4F7F6;
  --paper-warm: #E3F0ED;
  --text: #102725;
  --text-mid: #254B46;
  --text-muted: #637A75;
  --border: #BDD5D0;
  --bg: var(--paper);
  --bg-alt: var(--paper-warm);
  --bg-alt2: #EAF4F1;
  --theme-header: #123F38;
  --theme-header-border: rgba(255,255,255,.16);
  --theme-active: #4FD1C5;
  --theme-card: #ffffff;
  --theme-card-soft: rgba(255,255,255,.88);
}

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; font-size: 16px; }
body {
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a { color: var(--crimson); text-decoration: none; transition: color var(--transition); }
a:hover { color: var(--crimson-dark); }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
ul { list-style: none; }

/* ── TYPOGRAPHY ── */
body,
.btn,
.badge,
.lead,
.logic-step strong,
.technique-strip span,
.project-story strong,
.project-category,
.project-story span,
.tag-row span,
.tag-row em,
.project-pubs a,
.nav-logo span,
.nav-links a,
.join-route-grid .opening-type,
.topic-filter-bar .filter-btn,
.hero .btn {
  font-family: var(--sans);
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
.nav-logo,
.theme-title,
.featured-pub-title,
.student-name,
.value-title,
.opening-title,
.join-route-grid .opening-title span,
.course-title,
.thrust-link,
.thrust-link-title,
.thrust-header h2,
.project-card h3,
.research-thrust-card h3,
.hero-desc,
.home-team-portrait,
.home-team-name,
.member-photo span,
.member-card > .member-photo span {
  font-family: var(--serif);
}

.section-label,
.hero-tag,
.footer-nav-title,
.course-code,
.opening-type,
.student-topic,
.pi-role,
.opening-req-title,
.contact-obfuscated,
.project-index,
.thrust-link-index,
.thrust-link-desc,
.logic-step span,
.hero-system-card figcaption,
.student-tag,
.filter-btn,
.pi-meta-item label,
.footer-logo,
.footer-nav-links a,
.home-team-link,
.team-role-label,
.member-card .student-link,
.highlight-topic,
.highlight-meta,
.topic-paper-meta,
.join-contact-label,
.join-contact-details span {
  font-family: var(--mono);
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 { font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); line-height: 1.2; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem); }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.1rem); }
h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; }
p { color: var(--text-mid); }

/* ── LAYOUT ── */
.container { max-width: var(--max-w); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 40px; }
.section { padding: 80px 0; }
.section-alt { background: var(--bg-alt); }


/* ── SECTION LABELS ── */
.section-label {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 2.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--crimson);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.section-header { margin-bottom: 48px; }
.section-header.centered { text-align: center; max-width: 640px; margin: 0 auto 48px; }
.section-title { margin-bottom: 12px; }
.section-subtitle { font-size: .95rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.75; max-width: 600px; }
.section-header.centered .section-subtitle { margin: 0 auto; }

/* ── DIVIDER ── */
.divider { border: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); margin: 48px 0; }

/* ── BUTTONS ── */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
  font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 600;
  padding: 10px 24px; border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: all var(--transition); cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: none; border: 1.5px solid transparent;
  letter-spacing: .2px;
}
.btn-primary { background: var(--crimson); color: #fff; border-color: var(--crimson); }
.btn-primary:hover { background: var(--crimson-dark); border-color: var(--crimson-dark); color: #fff; }
.btn-secondary { background: transparent; color: var(--text); border-color: var(--border); }
.btn-secondary:hover { border-color: var(--crimson); color: var(--crimson); }


.btn-group { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; margin-top: 28px; }

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   NAVIGATION
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.site-header {
  position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 200;
  height: var(--nav-h); background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.nav-container {
  max-width: var(--max-w); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 40px;
  height: 100%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
}
.nav-logo {
  font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text); letter-spacing: -.2px;
}
.nav-logo span { color: var(--crimson); }
.nav-links { display: flex; gap: 0; }
.nav-links a {
  font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--text-muted);
  padding: 8px 16px; border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: color var(--transition), background var(--transition);
  position: relative;
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--crimson); background: var(--crimson-light); }
.nav-links a.active { color: var(--crimson); font-weight: 600; }
.nav-links a.active::after {
  content: ''; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 16px; right: 16px;
  height: 2px; background: var(--crimson); border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   PAGE HERO (inner pages)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.page-hero {
  padding: calc(var(--nav-h) + 56px) 0 56px;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.page-hero-inner { max-width: 720px; }
.page-title { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.8rem); margin-bottom: 12px; }
.page-subtitle { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.75; }

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   HERO (homepage)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.hero {
  padding: calc(var(--nav-h) + 72px) 0 72px;
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.hero-inner {
  max-width: var(--max-w); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 40px;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 360px; gap: 64px; align-items: center;
}
.hero-tag {
  font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 2px;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--crimson); margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4.5vw, 3.4rem); margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: var(--text); line-height: 1.15;
}
.hero-title em { color: var(--crimson); font-style: normal; }
.hero-desc { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.8; max-width: 520px; margin-bottom: 28px; }


/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   RESEARCH THEME CARDS
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.research-themes-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.research-theme-card {
  background: var(--bg); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 6px; padding: 28px 28px 24px;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
  position: relative;
}
.research-theme-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); border-color: rgba(163,31,52,.3);
}
.research-theme-card::before {
  content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 3px;
  background: var(--crimson); border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0;
  opacity: 0; transition: opacity var(--transition);
}
.research-theme-card:hover::before { opacity: 1; }
.theme-icon { font-size: 1.8rem; margin-bottom: 14px; display: block; }
.theme-title { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.theme-desc { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 16px; }


/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   FEATURED PUBLICATIONS
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.featured-pub {
  display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.featured-pub:first-of-type { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.featured-pub-badge {
  flex-shrink: 0; font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase; white-space: nowrap;
  color: var(--crimson); background: var(--crimson-light);
  padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: var(--radius); margin-top: 2px;
}
.featured-pub-title { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 4px; line-height: 1.4; }
.featured-pub-title a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: rgba(1,31,91,.22); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.featured-pub-title a:hover { color: var(--crimson); text-decoration-color: rgba(153,0,0,.42); }
.featured-pub-authors { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: 4px; }
.featured-pub-journal { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--text-mid); font-style: italic; }
.pi-highlight { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; }

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   FUNDING CARDS
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.funding-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); gap: 16px; }
.funding-card {
  background: var(--bg); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 6px; padding: 20px 22px;
}
.funding-agency {
  font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--crimson); margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.funding-title { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.6; }


.contact-obfuscated {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  word-break: normal;
}


.project-index {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  font-size: .78rem;
  letter-spacing: .24em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--crimson);
}


.pi-name { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }

.filter-bar { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 32px; }
.filter-btn {
  font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 500; padding: 7px 16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 20px;
  background: var(--bg); color: var(--text-muted); cursor: pointer; transition: all var(--transition);
}
.filter-btn:hover { border-color: var(--crimson); color: var(--crimson); }
.filter-btn.active { background: var(--crimson); border-color: var(--crimson); color: #fff; }


.paper-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.paper-item { padding: 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0; transition: padding-left var(--transition); }
.paper-item:hover { padding-left: 6px; }


.publication-list {
  list-style: decimal;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
}
.publication-list .paper-item {
  padding-left: .35rem;
}
.paper-citation {
  font-size: .88rem;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  line-height: 1.65;
}
.paper-title-link {
  color: var(--navy);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(1,31,91,.28);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}
.paper-title-link:hover {
  color: var(--crimson);
  text-decoration-color: rgba(153,0,0,.42);
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   TEAM PAGE
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.pi-section {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr; gap: 48px;
  align-items: start; padding: 48px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); margin-bottom: 48px;
}

.pi-name { font-size: 2rem; margin-bottom: 4px; }
.pi-role { font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--crimson); margin-bottom: 20px; }
.pi-bio { font-size: .92rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.pi-expertise { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin: 0 0 24px; }
.pi-expertise span {
  font-size: .62rem;
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--sage);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.pi-meta { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.pi-meta-item label { font-size: .65rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--text-muted); display: block; margin-bottom: 2px; }
.pi-meta-item span { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--text-mid); }
.pi-links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.pi-link {
  font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 500; padding: 6px 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
  color: var(--text-mid); transition: all var(--transition);
}
a.pi-link:hover { border-color: var(--crimson); color: var(--crimson); background: var(--crimson-light); }


.student-name { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 2px; }
.student-topic { font-size: .78rem; color: var(--crimson); font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.student-desc { font-size: .8rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.student-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
.student-tag { font-size: .62rem; background: var(--crimson-light); color: var(--crimson); padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-weight: 500; }
.student-links { display: flex; gap: 6px; margin-top: 10px; }
.student-link { font-size: .7rem; color: var(--text-muted); padding: 3px 9px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius); transition: all var(--transition); }
.student-link:hover { color: var(--crimson); border-color: var(--crimson); }

/* Alumni */
.alumni-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4,1fr); gap: 8px; }
.alumni-item {
  background: var(--bg-alt); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
}
.alumni-name { font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 2px; }
.alumni-thesis { font-size: .72rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 4px; }
.alumni-year { font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--crimson); }

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   JOIN US PAGE
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.values-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 64px; }
.value-card { background: var(--bg); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; padding: 24px; }
.value-icon { font-size: 1.8rem; display: block; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.value-title { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.value-desc { font-size: .83rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.7; }

.openings-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 64px; }
.opening-card {
  background: var(--bg); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 6px; padding: 28px; position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition);
}
.opening-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.opening-card::before {
  content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 3px;
  background: var(--crimson); border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0;
}
.opening-type { font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--crimson); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.opening-title { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 12px; }
.opening-desc { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.opening-requirements { background: var(--bg-alt); border-radius: 4px; padding: 16px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.opening-req-title { font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.opening-req-item { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--text-mid); padding: 4px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.opening-req-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.opening-req-item::before { content: '→ '; color: var(--crimson); font-weight: 700; }


/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   TEACHING PAGE
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.courses-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); gap: 20px; }
.course-card {
  background: var(--bg); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 6px; padding: 24px 26px;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition);
}
.course-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.course-code { font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--crimson); margin-bottom: 6px; }
.course-title { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.course-desc { font-size: .83rem; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.course-meta { font-size: .75rem; color: var(--text-muted); display: flex; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.course-meta span::before { content: '· '; color: var(--crimson); }
.course-meta span:first-child::before { content: ''; }

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   FOOTER
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--navy); color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);
  padding: 56px 0 32px;
}
.footer-inner {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 48px; margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.footer-logo { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; color: #fff; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.footer-tagline { font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.75; }
.footer-nav-title { font-size: .65rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(255,255,255,.4); margin-bottom: 12px; }
.footer-nav-links li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
.footer-nav-links a { font-size: .82rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.65); transition: color var(--transition); }
.footer-nav-links a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1); padding-top: 24px;
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;
}
.footer-text { font-size: .75rem; }
.footer-socials { display: flex; gap: 16px; }
.footer-socials a { font-size: .78rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); transition: color var(--transition); }
.footer-socials a:hover { color: #fff; }

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   RESPONSIVE
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .hero-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pi-section { grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .funding-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .alumni-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  :root { --nav-h: 56px; }
  .container { padding: 0 20px; }
  .section { padding: 56px 0; }
  .research-themes-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  .openings-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .values-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .courses-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  .funding-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }


  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
  .alumni-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }


  .pi-meta { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pi-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }


}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .nav-links { display: none; }
  .values-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .alumni-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   SCALE EDITORIAL IDENTITY REFRESH
   Inspired by the uploaded references,
adapted for computational science.
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
html { background: var(--paper); }
body {
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--text);
}

a { color: var(--navy); }
a:hover { color: var(--clay); }
p { color: var(--text-mid); }
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: 0;
  font-weight: 600;
}
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 5.4vw, 5.6rem); line-height: 1.02; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 3vw, 3.2rem); line-height: 1.12; }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2vw, 2rem); }

.container {
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  padding: 0 clamp(24px, 5vw, 88px);
}
.section { padding: clamp(84px, 10vw, 150px) 0; }
.section-alt {
  background: var(--paper-warm);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  height: var(--nav-h);
  background: var(--navy);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  border-bottom-color: rgba(255,255,255,.16);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.08);
}
.nav-container {
  padding: 0 clamp(24px, 5vw, 88px);
  max-width: none;
}
.nav-logo {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 3px;
  max-width: min(430px, 42vw);
  font-size: .96rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: .2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #ffffff;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav-logo strong {
  font: inherit;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.nav-logo span {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.66);
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  font-size: .56rem;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
}
.nav-links { gap: clamp(10px, 1.05vw, 18px); }
.nav-links > li {
  position: relative;
}
.nav-links a {
  font-size: .74rem;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
  padding: 8px 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav-links a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  background: transparent;
}
.nav-links a.active {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.nav-links a.active::after {
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -6px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--crimson);
}
.nav-submenu {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 12px);
  left: 0;
  z-index: 120;
  display: grid;
  min-width: 220px;
  padding: 8px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 88%, transparent);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 38%, rgba(255,255,255,.24));
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  list-style: none;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  transition: opacity var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.nav-submenu::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: -14px 0 auto;
  height: 14px;
}
.has-submenu:hover .nav-submenu,
.has-submenu:focus-within .nav-submenu {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.nav-submenu a,
html[data-theme] .nav-submenu a,
html[data-theme] .nav-submenu a:visited {
  display: block;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
  font-size: .82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-transform: none;
  background: transparent;
}
.nav-submenu a:hover,
html[data-theme] .nav-submenu a:hover {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 34%, rgba(255,255,255,.08));
  color: #ffffff;
}

.section-label,
.hero-tag,
.footer-nav-title,
.course-code,
.opening-type,
.student-topic,
.pi-role,
.opening-req-title {
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: .34em;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}
.section-label::before {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 64px;
  height: 1px;
  margin-right: 18px;
  vertical-align: middle;
  background: var(--border);
}
.section-title { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.section-subtitle {
  max-width: 820px;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.45vw, 1.38rem);
  line-height: 1.9;
  color: var(--text-mid);
}
.section-header { margin-bottom: clamp(44px, 6vw, 86px); }
.divider {
  border-top-color: var(--border);
  margin: clamp(56px, 7vw, 96px) 0;
}

.page-hero {
  padding: clamp(38px, 4.8vw, 70px) 0 clamp(34px, 4vw, 58px);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fafc 0%, var(--paper) 100%);
}
.page-hero-inner {
  max-width: 1020px;
  margin-left: 0;
}
.page-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.55rem, 4.5vw, 4.25rem);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.page-subtitle {
  max-width: 920px;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.28vw, 1.36rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--navy);
}


.research-simple-hero .page-title {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.research-simple-hero {
  max-width: var(--max-w);
}


.publication-hero {
  padding: clamp(26px, 3.2vw, 46px) 0 clamp(24px, 3vw, 40px);
}
.publication-hero .page-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 3.8vw, 3.6rem);
}
.publication-hero .page-subtitle {
  max-width: 760px;
}


/* Home */
.hero {
  min-height: calc(100vh - var(--nav-h));
  padding: clamp(64px, 8vw, 120px) 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    linear-gradient(115deg, rgba(255,255,255,.92), rgba(231,235,240,.82)),
    var(--paper);
}
.hero::before {
  content: none;
}
.hero-inner {
  position: relative;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .82fr) minmax(380px, 560px);
  gap: clamp(44px, 6vw, 92px);
  padding: 0 clamp(24px, 5vw, 88px);
}
.hero-text {
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 500px;
}
.hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.55rem, 4.6vw, 4.65rem);
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.hero-title em {
  color: var(--crimson);
}
.hero-desc {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1.65vw, 1.72rem);
  line-height: 1.62;
  max-width: 560px;
  color: var(--navy);
}


.btn {
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: .78rem;
  padding: 12px 24px;
}
.btn-primary {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--navy);
}
.btn-primary:hover {
  background: var(--clay);
  border-color: var(--clay);
}
.btn-secondary,
a.pi-link,
.student-link {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--border);
  color: var(--text-mid);
}
.btn-secondary:hover,
a.pi-link:hover,
.student-link:hover {
  background: var(--sage-light);
  border-color: var(--sage);
  color: var(--navy);
}
.hero-visual-wrap {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
  align-self: center;
}
.hero-system-card {
  margin: 0;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 22px;
  box-shadow: none;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: clamp(6px, .9vw, 10px);
}
.hero-system-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: clamp(360px, 42vw, 560px);
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 50%;
  border-radius: 16px;
  display: block;
}
.hero-system-card figcaption {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 16px;
  padding-top: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  font-size: .72rem;
  letter-spacing: .22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy);
}


/* Cards and grids */
.research-theme-card,
.course-card,
.value-card,
.opening-card,
.alumni-item {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.74);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 24px;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.research-theme-card,
.course-card,
.value-card,
.opening-card {
  padding: clamp(28px, 3vw, 44px);
}
.research-theme-card::before,
.opening-card::before {
  display: none;
}
.theme-icon,
.value-icon {
  color: var(--clay);
  filter: grayscale(.15) saturate(.75);
}
.theme-title,
.course-title,
.value-title,
.opening-title {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2vw, 2.05rem);
}
.theme-desc,
.course-desc,
.value-desc,
.opening-desc,
.pi-bio,
.student-desc {
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
}
.student-tag {
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--sage);
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-theme-card:hover,
.course-card:hover,
.value-card:hover,
.opening-card:hover {
  box-shadow: none;
  border-color: #aeb9c8;
  background: #ffffff;
}


/* Publications */
.publications-section {
  padding-top: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 48px);
}
.filter-bar {
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: clamp(28px, 4vw, 46px);
}
.topic-filter-bar {
  align-items: center;
  row-gap: 10px;
}
.filter-btn {
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.74);
  padding: 9px 14px;
  font-size: .68rem;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy);
}
.filter-btn:hover,
.filter-btn.active {
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--navy);
}


.paper-list {
  border-top: 0;
}
.paper-item {
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom-color: var(--border);
}
.paper-item[hidden],
.publications-books-divider[hidden],
.publications-books-header[hidden],
.book-list[hidden],
.publication-highlights[hidden],
.publication-list[hidden],
.publication-topic-showcase[hidden],
.topic-paper-card[hidden] {
  display: none;
}
.paper-item:hover {
  padding-left: .35rem;
}
.paper-citation {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(.98rem, 1vw, 1.1rem);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.pi-name,
.pi-highlight {
  color: var(--sage);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.paper-citation .pi-name,
.paper-citation strong {
  color: inherit;
  font: inherit;
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* Team */
.pi-section {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 320px) 1fr;
  gap: clamp(48px, 8vw, 120px);
  border-bottom-color: var(--border);
}

.pi-section .pi-name {
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 5vw, 5rem);
}
.pi-role {
  color: var(--sage);
}
.pi-meta {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding-top: 28px;
}
.pi-meta-item label {
  letter-spacing: .18em;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}


.student-name {
  font-size: 1.65rem;
  color: var(--navy);
}
.student-topic {
  color: var(--sage);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.student-desc,
.student-tags,
.student-links {
  display: none;
}
.alumni-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 14px;
}
.alumni-item {
  padding: 22px 24px;
}

/* Join and teaching */
.values-grid,
.openings-grid,
.courses-grid {
  gap: 24px;
}
.opening-card {
  position: relative;
}
.opening-card::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 32px;
  right: 32px;
  top: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--border);
}
.opening-requirements {
  background: var(--paper-warm);
  border-radius: 16px;
}
.opening-req-item {
  color: var(--text-mid);
  border-bottom-color: var(--border);
}
.opening-req-item::before {
  content: "▸ ";
  color: var(--clay);
}


/* Footer */
.pre-footer-band {
  padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 54px) 0 clamp(34px, 5vw, 68px);
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, var(--paper) 64%, #eef2f7 100%);
}
.pre-footer-line {
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(1,31,91,.18), transparent);
}
.site-footer {
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, #09275f 0%, var(--navy) 22%, #061228 100%);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.66);
  padding: 72px 0 44px;
}
.footer-logo {
  letter-spacing: .28em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.footer-contact {
  margin-top: 14px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
  font-size: .78rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}
.footer-contact .contact-obfuscated {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.86);
}
.footer-nav-links a {
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

@media (max-width: 1000px) {

  .hero-inner,
.pi-section {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
 }
  .hero-visual-wrap { max-width: 520px; }
  .nav-logo {
    max-width: 260px;
 }
  .nav-logo span {
    display: none;
 }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  :root { --nav-h: 60px; }
  body { background-size: 54px 54px, auto; }
  .site-header { position: sticky; }
  .nav-logo {
    font-size: .9rem;
    letter-spacing: .16em;
 }
  .page-title,
.hero-title {
    font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 13vw, 4.6rem);
 }
  .page-subtitle,
.hero-desc {
    font-size: 1.28rem;
 }

  .section-label::before {
    width: 36px;
    margin-right: 12px;
 }
  .alumni-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
 }


  .filter-bar {
    gap: 14px 22px;
 }

}

/* Nobori-style research cards {
  background: var(--paper);
}


.project-index {
  color: var(--crimson);
}


/* Compact home research atlas. */
.research-atlas {
  padding: clamp(64px, 8vw, 112px) 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.research-atlas-hero {
  display: block;
  max-width: 940px;
  margin-right: 0;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-bottom: clamp(44px, 6vw, 82px);
  text-align: left;
}
.research-atlas-hero h2 {
  max-width: none;
  margin-top: 18px;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.7vw, 4.4rem);
}
.research-atlas-hero p {
  max-width: 860px;
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.35vw, 1.32rem);
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: var(--text-mid);
}


.research-atlas-action {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-top: clamp(30px, 4vw, 52px);
}

.research-thrust-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(18px, 2.4vw, 30px);
}
.research-thrust-card {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-height: clamp(360px, 30vw, 440px);
  padding: clamp(28px, 3vw, 44px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(70px, 6vw, 86px);
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.82);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.research-thrust-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 0 auto;
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--crimson);
}
.thrust-biophysics::before {
  background: #7a6ea8;
}
.thrust-card-top {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
}
.research-thrust-card h3 {
  max-width: 620px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2.35vw, 2.55rem);
  line-height: 1.12;
}
.research-thrust-card p {
  max-width: 660px;
  margin-top: 28px;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.12vw, 1.14rem);
  line-height: 1.76;
}
.thrust-mark {
  position: relative;
  width: clamp(72px, 8vw, 112px);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 50%;
  opacity: .9;
}
.thrust-mark span {
  position: absolute;
  display: block;
  width: 12px;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--crimson);
}
.thrust-mark span:nth-child(1) { left: 18%; top: 28%; }
.thrust-mark span:nth-child(2) { right: 20%; top: 20%; }
.thrust-mark span:nth-child(3) { left: 46%; bottom: 18%; }
.thrust-biophysics .thrust-mark span {
  background: #7a6ea8;
}
.thrust-mark-image {
  width: clamp(92px, 10vw, 142px);
  aspect-ratio: auto;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  opacity: 1;
}
.thrust-mark-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 142px;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
}
.thrust-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 28px;
}
.thrust-tags span {
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: .68rem;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.research-thrust-card .thrust-link {
  position: absolute;
  right: clamp(18px, 2.4vw, 32px);
  bottom: clamp(18px, 2.4vw, 32px);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: fit-content;
  min-height: 30px;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding: 7px 11px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 22%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: .64rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  line-height: 1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.research-thrust-card .thrust-link:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 34%, var(--border));
  background: #ffffff;
  color: var(--crimson);
}
.thrust-biophysics .thrust-link:hover {
  color: #7a6ea8;
}


@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .research-atlas-hero,
.research-thrust-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
 }


}


/* Home team preview. */
.home-team-preview {
  padding: clamp(42px, 5.5vw, 72px) 0;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.home-team-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: end;
  margin-bottom: clamp(22px, 3vw, 34px);
}
.home-team-header h2 {
  margin-top: 12px;
  font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 2.7vw, 3rem);
}
.home-team-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 104px;
  min-height: 34px;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 24%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 14%, white);
  font-size: .76rem;
  font-weight: 760;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.home-team-link:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--navy);
}
.home-team-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(10px, 1.2vw, 16px);
}
.home-team-card {
  display: grid;
  justify-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: clamp(10px, 1.1vw, 14px) 6px clamp(12px, 1.3vw, 16px);
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-align: center;
}
.home-team-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--navy);
}
.home-team-portrait {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: min(100%, clamp(104px, 8.6vw, 140px));
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 1.75vw, 1.8rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.home-team-portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 22%;
}
.home-team-photo {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.home-team-name {
  max-width: 100%;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(.88rem, 1vw, 1.04rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.1;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .home-team-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
 }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .home-team-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
 }
  .home-team-card {
    grid-column: auto;
 }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .home-team-header {
    align-items: start;
    flex-direction: column;
 }
  .home-team-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
 }
  .home-team-card {
    grid-column: auto;
 }
}

/* Team profile cards with image-ready member portraits. */
.member-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(22px, 3vw, 36px);
  margin-bottom: clamp(58px, 7vw, 96px);
}
.member-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(18px, 2vw, 26px);
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 208px;
  padding: clamp(18px, 2vw, 24px);
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
}
.member-photo {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  min-height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 28% 20%, rgba(153,0,0,.38), transparent 22%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 78% 74%, rgba(47,111,78,.36), transparent 25%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #061228 0%, #011f5b 58%, #081126 100%);
}
.member-photo::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  border-radius: 22px;
}
.member-photo::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.34);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.member-photo span {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 106px;
  height: 106px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.member-card > .member-photo {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  align-self: center;
  width: clamp(128px, 10vw, 150px);
  height: clamp(128px, 10vw, 150px);
  min-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.member-card > .member-photo::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 8px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22);
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.member-card > .member-photo::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  width: 86%;
  height: 86%;
  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.26);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.member-card > .member-photo span {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 80%;
  height: 80%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 2.4vw, 2.35rem);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.member-photo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 34%;
}
.member-photo.has-photo::before,
.member-photo.has-photo::after {
  display: none;
}
.member-photo img + span {
  display: none;
}
.member-photo-battery {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 22% 18%, rgba(153,0,0,.42), transparent 24%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 80% 70%, rgba(47,111,78,.32), transparent 25%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #081126 0%, #011f5b 58%, #172033 100%);
}
.member-photo-genome {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 28% 22%, rgba(153,0,0,.34), transparent 22%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 70% 70%, rgba(47,111,78,.42), transparent 26%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #061228 0%, #011f5b 58%, #071425 100%);
}


.member-photo-pi {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 24% 20%, rgba(153,0,0,.36), transparent 23%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 72% 78%, rgba(47,111,78,.42), transparent 26%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #061228 0%, #011f5b 52%, #071425 100%);
}
.pi-portrait {
  width: min(100%, 260px);
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 8px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(1,31,91,.10);
  justify-self: center;
  align-self: start;
}
.pi-portrait img {
  border-radius: 5px;
  object-position: center 18%;
}
.pi-portrait span {
  width: 132px;
  height: 132px;
  font-size: 2.6rem;
}
.pi-section .pi-name {
  color: var(--navy);
}
.team-role-label {
  width: fit-content;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  background: var(--crimson-light);
  color: var(--crimson);
  border: 1px solid rgba(153,0,0,.18);
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: .66rem;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.member-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 0;
}
.member-card .student-name {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2vw, 2.1rem);
  line-height: 1.14;
}
.member-card .student-topic {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: var(--crimson);
}
.member-card .student-desc,
.member-card .student-tags,
.member-card .student-links {
  display: flex;
}
.member-card .student-desc {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: .98rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.member-card .student-tags {
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.member-card .student-tag {
  min-height: 28px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 24%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 16%, white);
  color: #244b74;
  font-size: .76rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.15;
  text-transform: none;
}
.member-card:has(.member-photo-genome) .student-tag {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 34%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 16%, white);
  color: #5f477d;
}
.member-card:has(.member-photo-battery) .student-tag {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 38%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 18%, white);
  color: #244b74;
}
.member-card .student-links {
  gap: 9px;
  margin-top: auto;
}
.member-card .student-link {
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: .68rem;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}


@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .member-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
 }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .member-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    justify-items: start;
 }
  .member-card > .member-photo {
    width: 136px;
    height: 136px;
 }
}

.publication-highlights {
  display: flex;
  gap: 18px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overscroll-behavior-x: contain;
  scroll-snap-type: x proximity;
  padding: 2px 28px 16px 2px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  scrollbar-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 28%, var(--border)) transparent;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent calc(100% - 42px), color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 78%, transparent));
}
.publication-highlights::-webkit-scrollbar {
  height: 8px;
}
.publication-highlights::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 26%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.publication-highlight-card {
  flex: 0 0 clamp(190px, 17vw, 235px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(1,31,91,.08);
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}
.publication-highlight-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(153,0,0,.22);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 48px rgba(1,31,91,.11);
}
.publication-cover-image {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 3.65;
  background: var(--paper-warm);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.publication-cover-image img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.publication-cover-body {
  display: grid;
  gap: 7px;
  padding: 12px 12px 14px;
}
.publication-cover-title {
  color: var(--navy);
  display: -webkit-box;
  min-height: 3.9em;
  overflow: hidden;
  font-size: .86rem;
  font-weight: 780;
  line-height: 1.3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
}
.publication-cover-meta {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.publication-cover-link {
  width: fit-content;
  min-height: 26px;
  margin-top: 2px;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 38%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 12%, white);
  color: var(--crimson-dark);
  font-size: .76rem;
  font-weight: 760;
  line-height: 1;
}
.highlight-topic,
.highlight-meta {
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.highlight-topic {
  color: var(--crimson);
}
.highlight-meta {
  margin-top: 24px;
  color: var(--navy);
}

.publication-topic-showcase {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px);
  margin-bottom: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);
}
.topic-paper-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(170px, 240px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  min-height: 220px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 44px rgba(1,31,91,.08);
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}
.topic-paper-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(153,0,0,.22);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 52px rgba(1,31,91,.12);
}
.topic-paper-art {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.09) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.09) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #061228 0%, #011f5b 58%, #071425 100%);
  background-size: 24px 24px, 24px 24px, auto;
}
.topic-paper-art::before,
.topic-paper-art::after,
.topic-paper-art span {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  display: block;
}
.topic-paper-art-electrode::before {
  width: 68%;
  height: 22%;
  left: 16%;
  top: 28%;
  border: 3px solid rgba(255,255,255,.78);
  border-left-color: var(--crimson);
  border-right-color: var(--crimson);
  transform: skewX(-14deg);
}
.topic-paper-art-electrode::after {
  width: 72%;
  height: 2px;
  left: 14%;
  top: 56%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.62);
  box-shadow: 0 26px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.28), 0 -26px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.28);
}
.topic-paper-art-electrode span {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  left: 34%;
  top: 43%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--crimson);
  box-shadow: 46px 14px 0 var(--sage), 94px -8px 0 var(--crimson), 128px 18px 0 var(--sage);
}
.topic-paper-art-liquid::before {
  width: 76%;
  height: 52%;
  left: 12%;
  top: 24%;
  border: 3px solid rgba(255,255,255,.7);
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.topic-paper-art-liquid::after {
  width: 54%;
  height: 18%;
  left: 23%;
  top: 48%;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--sage);
  border-bottom: 4px solid rgba(255,255,255,.58);
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.topic-paper-art-liquid span {
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
  left: 28%;
  top: 34%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--crimson);
  box-shadow: 42px 44px 0 var(--sage), 84px 9px 0 #fff, 126px 56px 0 var(--crimson);
}
.topic-paper-art-solid::before {
  width: 70%;
  height: 54%;
  left: 15%;
  top: 22%;
  background:
    linear-gradient(60deg, transparent 45%, rgba(255,255,255,.72) 46% 54%, transparent 55%),
    linear-gradient(-60deg, transparent 45%, rgba(255,255,255,.56) 46% 54%, transparent 55%);
  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35);
}
.topic-paper-art-solid::after {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  left: 30%;
  top: 35%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--crimson);
  box-shadow: 52px 8px 0 var(--sage), 104px 36px 0 var(--crimson), 28px 82px 0 #fff, 118px 86px 0 var(--sage);
}
.topic-paper-art-gene::before {
  width: 78%;
  height: 52%;
  left: 11%;
  top: 24%;
  border: 4px solid transparent;
  border-top-color: #fff;
  border-left-color: var(--sage);
  border-radius: 48% 52% 46% 54%;
  transform: rotate(-12deg);
}
.topic-paper-art-gene::after {
  width: 72%;
  height: 38%;
  left: 16%;
  top: 32%;
  border: 3px solid transparent;
  border-right-color: var(--crimson);
  border-bottom-color: #fff;
  border-radius: 48%;
}
.topic-paper-art-gene span {
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
  left: 30%;
  top: 34%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--sage);
  box-shadow: 38px 58px 0 var(--crimson), 84px 24px 0 #fff, 126px 72px 0 var(--sage);
}
.topic-paper-art-nano::before {
  width: 74%;
  height: 54%;
  left: 13%;
  top: 24%;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255,255,255,.88) 0 5px, transparent 6px) 0 0 / 42px 42px,
    linear-gradient(60deg, transparent 48%, rgba(255,255,255,.34) 49% 51%, transparent 52%);
}
.topic-paper-art-nano::after {
  width: 54%;
  height: 32%;
  left: 24%;
  top: 36%;
  border: 3px solid var(--crimson);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: rotate(-18deg);
}
.topic-paper-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: clamp(22px, 2.6vw, 34px);
}
.topic-paper-meta {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.topic-paper-card h2 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1.65vw, 1.7rem);
  line-height: 1.14;
}
.topic-paper-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: .98rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .site-header {
    height: auto;
 }
  .nav-container {
    min-height: var(--nav-h);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
 }
  .nav-links {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding-bottom: 4px;
 }
  .nav-links a {
    white-space: nowrap;
 }
  .publication-highlights {
    padding-bottom: 14px;
 }
  .topic-paper-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
 }
  .topic-paper-art {
    min-height: 220px;
 }
}

/* Final header readability pass */
.site-header {
  height: 76px;
  background: var(--theme-header);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--theme-header-border);
}
.nav-container {
  min-height: 76px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0 clamp(28px, 5vw, 72px);
}
.nav-logo {
  gap: 5px;
  max-width: min(520px, 44vw);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.25vw, 1.34rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  line-height: 1.05;
  text-transform: none;
  color: #fff;
}
.nav-logo strong {
  font: inherit;
  color: #fff;
}
.nav-logo span {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
  font-size: clamp(.68rem, .72vw, .78rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .055em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.nav-links {
  gap: clamp(14px, 1.4vw, 26px);
  align-items: center;
}
.nav-links a {
  position: relative;
  padding: 29px 0 24px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
  font-size: clamp(.78rem, .78vw, .9rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  line-height: 1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.nav-links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}
.nav-links a.active {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 750;
}
.nav-links a.active::after {
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 16px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--theme-active);
}

.hero .hero-desc {
  max-width: 640px;
  font-size: clamp(1.12rem, 1.45vw, 1.48rem);
  line-height: 1.68;
}
.hero .hero-desc strong {
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.hero .btn-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 26px;
}
.hero .btn {
  min-width: 146px;
  padding-left: 20px;
  padding-right: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}
.hero .hero-text {
  max-width: 560px;
}

@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .site-header {
    height: auto;
 }
  .nav-container {
    min-height: 72px;
    align-items: flex-start;
 }
  .nav-logo {
    max-width: none;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
 }
  .nav-logo span {
    display: block;
    max-width: 88vw;
    font-size: .62rem;
 }
  .nav-links {
    gap: 18px;
 }
  .nav-links a {
    padding: 8px 0 10px;
    font-size: .76rem;
 }
  .nav-links a.active::after {
    bottom: 2px;
 }

  .hero .btn-group {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
 }
  .hero .btn {
    min-width: 0;
 }
}

/* Stronger compaction after visual QA */
.section {
  padding-top: clamp(32px, 4vw, 58px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(32px, 4vw, 58px);
}
.page-hero {
  padding-top: clamp(22px, 3vw, 40px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(20px, 2.8vw, 36px);
}


.pi-section {
  padding-top: clamp(18px, 2.6vw, 36px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(26px, 3.4vw, 44px);
  margin-bottom: clamp(24px, 3vw, 40px);
}
.member-grid {
  margin-bottom: clamp(34px, 4.2vw, 58px);
}
.team-alumni-header {
  margin-top: 16px;
}

/* Featured PI card: photo anchors the upper-left, long text continues full width. */
.pi-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: clamp(22px, 3vw, 32px);
  padding: clamp(24px, 3vw, 38px);
  margin-bottom: clamp(30px, 4vw, 54px);
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 6%, white), rgba(255,255,255,.96) 48%),
    #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(1,31,91,.08);
}
.pi-topline {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: clamp(170px, 18vw, 240px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(22px, 4vw, 44px);
  align-items: start;
}
.pi-portrait {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 240px;
  justify-self: start;
}
.pi-intro {
  min-width: 0;
  padding-top: clamp(4px, 1vw, 12px);
}
.pi-section .pi-name {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: clamp(2.65rem, 4.6vw, 4.6rem);
  line-height: 1;
}
.pi-role {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: var(--sage);
  font-size: clamp(.9rem, 1.1vw, 1.05rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}
.pi-bio {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: clamp(.98rem, 1.08vw, 1.08rem);
  line-height: 1.74;
}
.pi-bio-lead {
  max-width: 860px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: clamp(1.04rem, 1.22vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.62;
}
.pi-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(260px, .65fr);
  gap: clamp(20px, 3vw, 36px);
  align-items: start;
}
.pi-directions {
  padding: 16px 18px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 9%, white);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--sage);
}
.pi-directions h3 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.pi-directions ul {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 18px;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: .92rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.pi-meta {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.pi-meta-item {
  min-width: 0;
}
.pi-meta-item label {
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}
.pi-meta-item span {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
a.pi-link,
.student-link,
.home-team-link,
.research-thrust-card .thrust-link,
.topic-filter-bar .filter-btn {
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
a.pi-link:hover,
.student-link:hover,
.home-team-link:hover,
.research-thrust-card .thrust-link:hover,
.topic-filter-bar .filter-btn:hover {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--navy);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(1,31,91,.16);
}
.thrust-biophysics .thrust-link:hover {
  background: #5f477d;
  border-color: #5f477d;
  color: #ffffff;
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .pi-topline,
  .pi-content,
  .pi-meta {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .pi-portrait {
    max-width: 220px;
  }
}
.section-header,
.section-header.centered {
  margin-bottom: clamp(18px, 2.6vw, 34px);
}


.course-card,
.value-card,
.opening-card {
  padding: clamp(18px, 2vw, 28px);
}

/* Join page: keep the requested card counts explicit after global grid rules. */
.values-grid.join-values-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  max-width: 880px;
  margin-inline: auto;
}
.join-values-grid .value-icon {
  display: none;
}
.openings-grid.join-route-grid {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 18px;
}

.join-route-grid .opening-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(150px, .22fr) minmax(0, .78fr);
  grid-template-areas:
    "route-title route-label"
    "route-title route-desc"
    "route-title route-req";
  gap: 0;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
}

.join-route-grid .opening-type {
  grid-area: route-label;
  align-self: end;
  justify-self: start;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  width: fit-content;
  margin: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 30px) clamp(22px, 2.4vw, 34px) 0;
  padding: 6px 11px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 14%, white);
  color: var(--crimson-dark);
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.join-route-grid .opening-title {
  grid-area: route-title;
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1.65vw, 1.75rem);
  line-height: 1.18;
}
.join-route-grid .opening-title span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.74);
  font-size: clamp(.82rem, 1vw, .98rem);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: .01em;
}

.join-route-grid .opening-type,
.join-route-grid .opening-title {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.join-route-grid .opening-title {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: clamp(22px, 2.4vw, 34px);
  min-height: 100%;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(92,141,197,.22), transparent 62%),
    var(--theme-header);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.join-route-grid .opening-desc {
  grid-area: route-desc;
  align-self: start;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 8px clamp(22px, 2.4vw, 34px) clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 34px);
  font-size: .92rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.join-route-grid .opening-requirements {
  grid-area: route-req;
  align-self: stretch;
  margin: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: clamp(18px, 2vw, 28px) clamp(22px, 2.4vw, 34px);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper-warm) 72%, white);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.join-route-grid .opening-req-item {
  font-size: .78rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.join-contact-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(280px, .9fr);
  gap: clamp(22px, 3vw, 44px);
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: clamp(24px, 3vw, 38px);
  padding: clamp(24px, 3.2vw, 42px);
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
}
.join-contact-label {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.join-contact-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.1vw, 2.15rem);
}
.join-contact-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.join-contact-details {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
}
.join-contact-details div {
  padding: 16px 18px;
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
}
.join-contact-details span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: .64rem;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.join-contact-details strong {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: .9rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .join-route-grid .opening-card {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(160px, .22fr) minmax(0, .78fr);
    grid-template-areas:
      "route-title route-label"
      "route-title route-desc"
      "route-title route-req";
 }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .values-grid.join-values-grid,
.openings-grid.join-route-grid,
.join-contact-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
 }

  .join-route-grid .opening-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-areas:
      "route-title"
      "route-label"
      "route-desc"
      "route-req";
 }

  .join-route-grid .opening-title {
    min-height: 0;
 }
}
/* Card Lift Interaction */
.member-card,
.research-theme-card,
.value-card,
.opening-card,
.join-contact-card,
.alumni-item {
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1),
              box-shadow 0.3s ease,
              border-color 0.3s ease;
}

.member-card:hover,
.research-theme-card:hover,
.value-card:hover,
.opening-card:hover,
.join-contact-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border-color: var(--crimson);
}

.alumni-item:hover {
  transform: translateX(4px); /* Horizontal slide for list items */
  background: var(--crimson-light);
}

/* Active Site Consolidation
   Shared behavior for the selected palette. Component rules should stay
   token-driven; avoid adding palette-specific overrides below. */
html[data-theme],
html[data-theme] body {
  background: var(--paper);
}

html[data-theme] body {
  color: var(--text);
}

html[data-theme] .section-alt,
html[data-theme] .page-hero {
  background: var(--paper-warm);
}

html[data-theme] h1,
html[data-theme] h2,
html[data-theme] h3,
html[data-theme] h4 {
  color: var(--navy);
}

html[data-theme] a {
  color: var(--navy);
}

html[data-theme] a:hover {
  color: var(--crimson);
}

html[data-theme] .site-header {
  background: var(--theme-header);
  border-bottom-color: var(--theme-header-border, rgba(255,255,255,.16));
}

html[data-theme] .nav-logo,
html[data-theme] .nav-logo strong,
html[data-theme] .nav-logo:hover,
html[data-theme] .nav-logo:hover strong {
  color: #ffffff;
}
html[data-theme] .nav-logo span {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
}
html[data-theme] .nav-links a,
html[data-theme] .nav-links a:visited {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
}
html[data-theme] .nav-links a:hover,
html[data-theme] .nav-links a.active {
  color: #ffffff;
}
html[data-theme] .nav-links .nav-submenu a,
html[data-theme] .nav-links .nav-submenu a:visited {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
}
html[data-theme] .nav-links .nav-submenu a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
}
html[data-theme] .nav-links a.active::after {
  background: var(--theme-active);
}

html[data-theme] .research-theme-card,
html[data-theme] .course-card,
html[data-theme] .value-card,
html[data-theme] .opening-card,
html[data-theme] .alumni-item,
html[data-theme] .topic-paper-card,
html[data-theme] .member-card,
html[data-theme] .publication-highlight-card,
html[data-theme] .join-contact-card {
  background: var(--theme-card-soft);
}

html[data-theme] .section-label,
html[data-theme] .opening-type,
html[data-theme] .join-contact-label,
html[data-theme] .hero-title em {
  color: var(--crimson);
}

html[data-theme] .join-route-grid .opening-type {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 11%, transparent);
}

html[data-theme] .pre-footer-band {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, var(--paper) 64%, var(--paper-warm) 100%);
}
html[data-theme] .pre-footer-line {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 24%, transparent), transparent);
}
html[data-theme] .site-footer {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--theme-header) 0%, var(--navy) 44%, #101b18 100%);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
}
html[data-theme] .footer-logo,
html[data-theme] .footer-contact .contact-obfuscated {
  color: #ffffff;
}
html[data-theme] .footer-tagline,
html[data-theme] .footer-contact,
html[data-theme] .footer-text {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
}
html[data-theme] .footer-nav-title {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.46);
}
html[data-theme] .footer-nav-links a,
html[data-theme] .footer-socials a {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.68);
}
html[data-theme] .footer-nav-links a:hover,
html[data-theme] .footer-socials a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
}

html[data-theme] .btn-primary,
html[data-theme] .btn-primary:visited {
  background: var(--crimson);
  border-color: var(--crimson);
  color: #ffffff;
}

html[data-theme] .btn-primary:hover {
  background: var(--crimson-dark);
  border-color: var(--crimson-dark);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 15px color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 40%, transparent);
}

/* Publication filters mirror the Research page sticky tab behavior. */
.topic-filter-bar {
  position: sticky;
  top: var(--nav-h);
  z-index: 95;
  background: var(--paper);
  padding-top: 18px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .topic-filter-bar {
    top: var(--nav-h);
    padding-top: 14px;
 }
}

/* Uniform pill-button typography: use the Research tab style everywhere. */
.topic-filter-bar .filter-btn,
.hero .btn {
  font-size: .86rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-transform: none;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 10px 16px;
}

html[data-theme] .topic-filter-bar .filter-btn {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--border);
  color: var(--text-mid);
}

html[data-theme] .topic-filter-bar .filter-btn:hover,
html[data-theme] .topic-filter-bar .filter-btn.active,
html[data-theme] .filter-btn:hover,
html[data-theme] .filter-btn.active {
  background: var(--crimson);
  border-color: var(--crimson);
  color: #ffffff;
}

html[data-theme] .hero .btn-primary,
html[data-theme] .hero .btn-secondary {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 46%, white);
  color: var(--crimson);
}

html[data-theme] .hero .btn-primary:hover,
html[data-theme] .hero .btn-secondary:hover {
  background: var(--crimson);
  border-color: var(--crimson);
  color: #ffffff;
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .hero {
  background:
    linear-gradient(115deg, rgba(244,247,246,.96) 0%, rgba(244,247,246,.88) 42%, rgba(79,209,197,.18) 72%, rgba(128,90,213,.16) 100%),
    linear-gradient(140deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 12%, transparent), transparent 54%),
    var(--paper);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .hero::before {
  content: none;
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .hero-title em,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .section-label,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .opening-type,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .join-contact-label {
  color: var(--crimson);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .nav-links a.active::after,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-nav .thrust-link.active::after {
  background: var(--theme-active);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] a:hover,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .paper-title-link:hover,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .featured-pub-title a:hover {
  color: var(--crimson-dark);
}


/* Image-led research page redesign. */
.research-hero {
  padding: clamp(62px, 8vw, 104px) 0 12px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(110deg, rgba(255,255,255,.94), rgba(232,238,240,.86)),
    var(--paper);
}
.research-hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: clamp(18px, 2.8vw, 34px);
}
.hero-content {
  max-width: 1180px;
}
.badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 28px;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 28%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.hero-content h1 {
  max-width: 1120px;
  margin: 22px 0 24px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(2.55rem, 5vw, 5.1rem);
  line-height: .98;
}
.hero-content h1 span {
  display: block;
}
.lead {
  max-width: 1080px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.22vw, 1.24rem);
  line-height: 1.62;
}
.lead:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.research-logic {
  padding: clamp(12px, 1.8vw, 22px) 0 0;
}
.research-orientation {
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.logic-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--border);
  gap: 1px;
}
.logic-step {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  min-height: 86px;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  background: #ffffff;
}
.logic-step span {
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
}
.logic-step strong {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.25vw, 1.2rem);
}
.technique-strip {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.technique-strip span {
  padding: 6px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.thrust-nav-shell {
  position: sticky;
  top: var(--nav-h);
  z-index: 90;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,.94) 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 94%, white) 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border) 72%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(1,31,91,.045);
}
.thrust-nav {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 12px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
}
.thrust-nav .thrust-link {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  grid-template-areas:
    "index title"
    "index desc";
  gap: 4px 14px;
  min-height: 76px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,.94), rgba(255,255,255,.78)),
    var(--paper);
  color: var(--text-mid);
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 16px 18px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(1,31,91,.06);
  text-align: left;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.thrust-nav .thrust-link::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto 0 0;
  width: 5px;
  background: var(--sage);
  opacity: .75;
}
.thrust-nav .thrust-link:last-child::before {
  background: #8d6bb8;
}
.thrust-link-index {
  grid-area: index;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  align-self: center;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 18%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--sage);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
}
.thrust-link-title {
  grid-area: title;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.18vw, 1.15rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.1;
}
.thrust-link-desc {
  grid-area: desc;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.thrust-nav .thrust-link:hover,
.thrust-nav .thrust-link.active {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 38%, var(--border));
  box-shadow: 0 18px 36px rgba(1,31,91,.12);
}
.thrust-nav .thrust-link.active::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 16px;
  bottom: 12px;
  width: 36px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--crimson);
}
.thrust-nav .thrust-link.active .thrust-link-index {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--navy);
  color: #ffffff;
}
.thrust-nav .thrust-link.active .thrust-link-desc {
  color: var(--crimson);
}
.thrust-section {
  padding: clamp(54px, 7vw, 96px) 0;
  scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 88px);
  background: var(--paper);
}
.thrust-alt {
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 13%, transparent), transparent 34%),
    var(--paper-warm);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.thrust-header {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: clamp(26px, 4vw, 48px);
}
.thrust-header h2 {
  margin: 10px 0 14px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 3.65rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
}
.thrust-header p {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.12vw, 1.16rem);
  line-height: 1.72;
}
.thrust-header .thrust-significance {
  margin-top: 16px;
  padding-left: 16px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--sage);
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 650;
}
.thrust-alt .thrust-header .thrust-significance {
  border-left-color: #8d6bb8;
}
.projects-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: clamp(18px, 2vw, 26px);
}

.project-card {
  position: relative;
  min-height: clamp(360px, 26vw, 460px);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(1,31,91,.07);
}
.thrust-section:not(.thrust-alt) .project-card {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 8%, white), rgba(255,255,255,.96) 44%),
    #ffffff;
}
.thrust-alt .project-card {
  min-height: clamp(400px, 29vw, 520px);
}

.project-visual {
  position: absolute;
  top: clamp(22px, 2.5vw, 36px);
  right: clamp(22px, 2.5vw, 36px);
  width: clamp(230px, 27vw, 430px);
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(1,31,91,.10);
}
.project-visual img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 0;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
}

#solvation-ionic-transport .project-visual {
  width: clamp(160px, 19vw, 300px);
}
#genome-organization .project-visual {
  width: clamp(160px, 19vw, 300px);
}
#gene-regulation-kinetics .project-visual {
  width: clamp(190px, 22vw, 340px);
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
}
#composite-electrolytes .project-visual {
  aspect-ratio: 1200 / 654;
}
#regulation-ml-bioinformatics .project-visual {
  aspect-ratio: 1200 / 654;
}
#solid-electrolyte .project-visual {
  aspect-ratio: 1200 / 536;
}
#electrodes .project-visual {
  aspect-ratio: 1200 / 580;
}
.project-info {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: clamp(22px, 3vw, 42px);
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: none;
  padding: clamp(24px, 2.6vw, 38px);
}
.project-category {
  width: fit-content;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 38%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 12%, white);
  color: #244b74;
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}

.project-category,
.project-info h3,
.project-info > p {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  max-width: calc(100% - clamp(285px, 32vw, 500px));
}
.thrust-alt .project-category {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 36%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 12%, white);
  color: #755a91;
}
.project-info h3 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.15vw, 2.35rem);
  line-height: 1.08;
}
.project-info p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.15vw, 1.18rem);
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.project-story {
  display: grid;
  gap: 6px;
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  max-width: none;
  margin-top: clamp(30px, 3.5vw, 58px);
  padding: clamp(13px, 1.4vw, 16px) clamp(15px, 1.8vw, 20px);
  border-left: 3px solid #5c8dc5;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 9%, white);
}
.thrust-alt .project-story {
  border-left-color: #8d6bb8;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 10%, white);
}
.project-story span,
.tag-row span {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: .76rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}
.project-story strong {
  color: var(--text-mid);
  font-size: .94rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.tag-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: start;
  margin-top: 14px;
}
.method-row {
  grid-column: 1;
  margin-top: clamp(24px, 2.5vw, 34px);
}
.system-row {
  grid-column: 2;
  max-width: none;
  margin-top: clamp(24px, 2.5vw, 34px);
}
.tag-row div {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}

.tag-row em {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 32px;
  padding: 7px 11px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 22%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 8%, white);
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-transform: none;
}
.method-row em {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 42%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 20%, white);
  color: #244b74;
}
.system-row em {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 44%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 23%, white);
  color: #27543b;
}
.thrust-alt .method-row em {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 44%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 21%, white);
  color: #5f477d;
}
.thrust-alt .system-row em {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 40%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 20%, white);
  color: #315842;
}

.project-pubs {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

.paper-row {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
  max-width: none;
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 18px;
  padding: 16px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border) 78%, transparent);
}
.paper-row .project-pubs {
  flex-direction: row;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.project-pubs a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-height: 24px;
  padding: 4px 8px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 42%, var(--border));
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 20%, white);
  color: #244b74;
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.12;
  text-transform: none;
}
.thrust-alt .project-pubs a {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 44%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 21%, white);
  color: #5f477d;
}
.project-pubs a:hover {
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #244b74;
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #5c8dc5 46%, var(--border));
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(1,31,91,.16);
}
.thrust-alt .project-pubs a:hover {
  color: #5f477d;
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, #8d6bb8 48%, var(--border));
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .project-card,
  .thrust-alt .project-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 0;
  }
  .project-visual {
    order: 1;
    position: static;
    width: 100%;
    border: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  .project-pubs {
    padding: 0;
  }
  .project-category,
  .project-info h3,
  .project-info > p,
  .method-row,
  .system-row {
    max-width: none;
  }
  .project-story {
    margin-top: 18px;
  }
  .project-info {
    order: 2;
    display: block;
    padding: clamp(26px, 3vw, 44px);
  }
  .paper-row,
  .thrust-alt .paper-row {
    position: static;
    width: auto;
    grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr);
    margin-top: 14px;
  }
  .paper-row .project-pubs {
    flex-direction: row;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .research-hero {
    padding-top: 54px;
  }
  .research-hero-grid,
  .logic-grid,
  .thrust-nav {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .hero-content h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 13vw, 3.35rem);
  }
  .tag-row,
  .paper-row,
  .thrust-alt .paper-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}


/* Publication links should read as quiet text until hover. */
.featured-pub-title a,
.paper-title-link {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.featured-pub-title a:hover,
.paper-title-link:hover {
  color: var(--crimson);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Clickable pill links darken consistently on hover. */
a.pi-link,
a.student-link,
a.home-team-link,
.research-thrust-card a.thrust-link,
.project-pubs a,
.topic-filter-bar .filter-btn {
  border-radius: 999px;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

a.pi-link:hover,
a.student-link:hover,
a.home-team-link:hover,
.research-thrust-card a.thrust-link:hover,
.topic-filter-bar .filter-btn:hover {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--navy);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(1,31,91,.16);
}

.thrust-biophysics a.thrust-link:hover,
.thrust-alt .project-pubs a:hover {
  background: #5f477d;
  border-color: #5f477d;
  color: #ffffff;
}

/* Biopolymer Helix polish: forest base, mint energy accents, violet genome accents. */
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .badge,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .project-category,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .team-role-label {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 42%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 14%, white);
  color: var(--navy);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-section:not(.thrust-alt) .project-card,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .pi-section {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 8%, white), rgba(255,255,255,.97) 48%),
    #ffffff;
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-alt {
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 12%, transparent), transparent 34%),
    var(--paper-warm);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .project-story {
  border-left-color: var(--sage);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 10%, white);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .method-row em,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .member-card:has(.member-photo-battery) .student-tag {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 46%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--sage) 20%, white);
  color: var(--navy);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .system-row em {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 34%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--navy) 9%, white);
  color: var(--navy);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .project-pubs a {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 40%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 13%, white);
  color: var(--crimson-dark);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-alt .project-category,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-alt .project-story,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .pi-directions {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 40%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 11%, white);
  color: var(--crimson-dark);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-alt .project-story {
  border-left-color: var(--crimson);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-alt .method-row em,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-alt .system-row em,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .member-card:has(.member-photo-genome) .student-tag {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 42%, var(--border));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 14%, white);
  color: var(--crimson-dark);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-nav .thrust-link::before {
  background: var(--sage);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-nav .thrust-link:last-child::before {
  background: var(--crimson);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-nav .thrust-link.active .thrust-link-index {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--navy);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-nav .thrust-link.active .thrust-link-desc {
  color: var(--crimson);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] a.pi-link:hover,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] a.student-link:hover,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] a.home-team-link:hover,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .research-thrust-card a.thrust-link:hover {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--navy);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(18,63,56,.18);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .project-pubs a:hover,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .topic-filter-bar .filter-btn:hover,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .topic-filter-bar .filter-btn.active,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .publication-highlight-card:hover .publication-cover-link {
  background: var(--crimson);
  border-color: var(--crimson);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px color-mix(in srgb, var(--crimson) 20%, transparent);
}

html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-biophysics a.thrust-link:hover,
html[data-theme="biopolymer-helix"] .thrust-alt .project-pubs a:hover {
  background: var(--crimson-dark);
  border-color: var(--crimson-dark);
  color: #ffffff;
}

/* Mobile menu support for the shared generated header. Desktop/tablet header
   styling above remains unchanged from the restored visual baseline. */
.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  position: relative;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  margin-left: auto;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
  color: #fff;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.nav-toggle-line {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  width: 18px;
  height: 2px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: opacity var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.nav-toggle-line:nth-child(1) { transform: translate(-50%, calc(-50% - 6px)); }
.nav-toggle-line:nth-child(2) { transform: translate(-50%, -50%); }
.nav-toggle-line:nth-child(3) { transform: translate(-50%, calc(-50% + 6px)); }
.nav-open .nav-toggle-line:nth-child(1) { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(45deg); }
.nav-open .nav-toggle-line:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
.nav-open .nav-toggle-line:nth-child(3) { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg); }

.nav-toggle-label {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .nav-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 10px 16px;
 }

  .nav-logo {
    min-width: 0;
 }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: block;
 }

  .nav-links {
    display: none;
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 6px 0 2px;
 }

  .nav-open .nav-links {
    display: flex;
 }

  .nav-links a {
    padding: 12px 0;
 }
  .nav-submenu {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    min-width: 0;
    margin: -2px 0 8px;
    padding: 0 0 0 14px;
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
    transform: none;
  }
  .nav-submenu::before {
    display: none;
  }
  .nav-submenu a,
html[data-theme] .nav-submenu a,
html[data-theme] .nav-submenu a:visited {
    padding: 8px 0;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.68);
    font-size: .78rem;
  }
  .nav-submenu a:hover,
html[data-theme] .nav-submenu a:hover {
    background: transparent;
    color: #ffffff;
  }

  .nav-links a.active::after {
    bottom: 6px;
 }
}
